ʻO ka lewa ka wahi hoihoi loa o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a makemake ka poʻe e aʻo i nā mea a pau e pili ana iā ia. Ua piha ia i na mea pohihihi a me na mea kupanaha e kali ana e weheia. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka wahi e hele ai. ʻO ka mālama pono ʻana i nā astronauts i kā lākou huakaʻi e pono ai i nā mea hana kūikawā, nā lako, a me ka hoʻomākaukau nui. ʻO kekahi hana koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka huakaʻi lewa ʻo ka thermal ablation. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e hoʻopau i nā mea mai ka ʻili i ka wā e hōʻiliʻili ai ka wela ma o nā mikiona i ka lewa. He kaʻina hana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wela e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka mālama ʻana o nā moku ākea i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi e noho nei ma ka lewa.
ВРЕМ TOP 6 Тер На РОСТОКЕ.
Carbon–Carbon: He mea ikaika loa kēia i hiki ke kū i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2200°C! Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau: Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka fiber kalapona pale wela i nā wahi koʻikoʻi o nā pōhaku, e like me nā nozzles a me nā pale wela, e pale aku i nā wela wela i hana ʻia e ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ke komo ʻana o ka lewa. Iulai 7, 2023Maʻa nā mea ʻenekinia polokalamu i ka hana ʻana me ka ʻikepili, akā liʻiliʻi nā ʻano ʻikepili i kokoke e ʻike ʻia a aloha ʻia e like me ka leka i loaʻa iā ʻoe ma mua o kou inoa mai kahi hale kūʻai kaʻa ma ke kihi o kou alanui.
PICA (Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator): Hana ʻia ʻo PICA ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā fiber carbon i loko o kahi resin phenolic. ʻO kēia ʻano lole fiberglass He māmā loa ka mea, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka huakaʻi lewa, a paʻa maikaʻi i ka wela, a kūpono ia i nā ʻili o nā mokulele e hoʻi mai i ka Honua. Kōkua kona hoʻolālā iā ia e hoʻokaʻawale a pale i ke kaʻa mai ka wela i loaʻa iā ia i ke komo hou ʻana.
Avcoat: He mea pale wela. Ua hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kekahi mau mikiona lewa kaulana, e like me ka papahana Apollo a me ka Space Shuttle. Hoʻohui ʻia nā fibers kūikawā me kahi resin, e hana ana i kahi pale wela e paʻakikī loa e ola i ka paʻakikī o ka huakaʻi huakaʻi.
ʻO Carbon-Silicon Carbide - He mea ikaika loa i ka wela. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā rockets no nā mea pono e like me nā nozzles a me nā pale wela. ʻO kona hiki ke kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi ʻana he mea nui ia no ka palekana kaʻa.
ʻO Zirconia-Silicone Carbide - He mea ikaika loa i kū i ka wela wela - a hiki i 5000 °C! He mea maikaʻi loa ia no nā kaʻa holo wikiwiki i ka lewa, e like me nā mea hypersonic. ʻO kona wahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka mokulele i ka wā o ka wela nui o ka lele.
ʻO Hafnium Carbide: ʻO ka Hafnium Carbide kekahi mea paʻakikī e hiki ke pale i ka wela nui - a hiki i 3900 ° C. Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kēia mea no ka pale ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka wela, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā ʻāpana e like me nā lau turbine a me nā pale wela, e ʻae ana i ka mokulele e hana palekana i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.
ʻO nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i nā koho makemake o Rusia:
Carbon-Carbon: He hui ikaika a hilinaʻi hoʻi o nā fiber carbon. ʻIke ia ma nā wahi like ʻole o nā mokulele a me nā rockets ma muli o kona hoʻomanawanui kiʻekiʻe. No laila, hiki i kāna mau waiwai maikaʻi ke kūpono no ka nui o nā noi aerospace.
Carbon-Carbon-Silicon Carbide: ʻO kēia moena kaʻapuni he mea ʻaʻohe wela e komo ʻole i ka wela a māmā loa. Loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia i ka wela loa, me nā nozzles rocket a me nā keʻena puhi ahi, a kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono a me ka palekana o nā kaʻa e holo ana i ka lewa.
ʻO nā kumulāʻau matrix seramika (CMCs): Hana ʻia nā CMC ma o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā fiber ceramic e hana i mea ikaika. Hiki iā lākou ke pale i nā hoʻololi wela wikiwiki, he mea koʻikoʻi no nā ʻāpana o nā kaʻa hoʻokuʻu ākea e loaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, e like me nā hoʻokomo nozzle a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele wela.
ʻO Aluminum Oxide ʻO Aluminum Oxide kahi mea maʻamau no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka pale i nā kaʻa lewa no ka mea he mau waiwai maikaʻi loa ia no ka lawe ʻana i ka wela. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he uhi ma luna o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā kaʻa ākea, e pale ana iā lākou mai ka wela i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ke komo hou ʻana.
ʻO Quartz Fiber: kahi mea ikaika me ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa a no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka ʻōnaehana pale wela o nā kaʻa ākea. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka insulation, nā pale wela, a me nā filament, e kōkua i ka mālama pono ʻana i ka mokulele i kona hele ʻana ma ka lewa.
ʻO Boron Nitride: He mea koʻikoʻi i loaʻa i ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe a me ka conductivity uila haʻahaʻa. No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila a no nā noi wela kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻoihana aerospace. ʻO kēia hoʻokele kaʻa kaʻa, kōkua i ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka wela wela, nā pale wela, a me nā noi uila ʻē aʻe.
Ka Hopena:
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻo ka thermal ablation kahi mea nui o ka huakaʻi ākea, a ua hana ʻo Rūsia i kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa. No laila ke nānā nei ʻo NEW-TEX i ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kēia mau lole nani i ka honua. ʻO lākou pākeke ahi pākaukau lithium kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā astronauts i ko lākou ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kupanaha o ka lewa. Eia nō naʻe, me kēia mau mea pono a hilinaʻi ʻia, ʻoluʻolu a palekana paha ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lewa! Me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka lewa ma mua o ka wā ma mua, a ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia he nui nā mea hoihoi i ka wā e hiki mai ana!